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J Dent Educ. 71(12): 1574-1582 2007
© 2007 American Dental Education Association
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Educational Methodologies

Assessment of Faculty Perception of Content Validity of PerioSim©, a Haptic-3D Virtual Reality Dental Training Simulator

Arnold D. Steinberg, D.D.S., M.S.; Philip G. Bashook, Ed.D.; James Drummond, D.D.S., Ph.D.; Seema Ashrafi, D.D.S., M.S.; Milos Zefran, Ph.D.

Key words: educational research, preclinical dental training, 3D virtual reality, haptics-based dental simulator, faculty content validity study

Submitted for publication 05/18/07; accepted 09/25/07

Haptic technology (sense of touch) along with 3D-virtual reality (VR) graphics, creating lifelike training simulations, was used to develop a dental training simulator system (PerioSim©). This preliminary study was designed to evaluate whether faculty considered PerioSim realistic and useful for training and evaluating basic procedural skills of students. The haptic device employed was a PHANToMTM and the simulator a Dell Xeon 530 workstation with 3D, VR oral models and instruments viewed on a stereoscopic monitor. An onscreen VR periodontal probe or explorer was manipulated by operating the PHANToM for sensing lifelike contact and interactions with the teeth and gingiva. Thirty experienced clinical dental and dental hygiene faculty judged the realism of the system. A PowerPoint presentation on one screen provided instructions for the simulator use with the 3D, VR simulator on a second stereoscopic monitor viewed with 3D goggles. Faculty/practitioners found the images very realistic for teeth and instruments, but less so for gingiva. Tactile sensation was realistic for teeth but not so for gingiva. The onscreen instructions were very useful with high potential for teaching. Faculty members anticipated incorporating this device into teaching and were enthusiastic about its potential for evaluating students’ basic procedural skills. This study suggests that the preliminary "evidence-of-concept" was successful and PerioSim may aid students in developing necessary dental tactile skills.






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